Membrane potential is a key concept in the field of neuroscience and physiological studies, relating to the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell membrane. This difference in charge is critical for various cellular functions, including the transmission of signals between neurons and muscle cells. Membrane potential is typically maintained by the movement of ions across the cell membrane, with the balance of positive and negative charges creating an electrical gradient that influences the functioning of the cell. Research in this area often focuses on understanding how changes in membrane potential impact cellular communication, behavior, and overall physiological function.